Title IX was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the Civil Rights Act. It was introduced as Senate Bill 659 and House Resolution 17 and was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on June 23, 1972. Title IX was sponsored and championed by various members of Congress, including Senator Birch Bayh and Congresswoman Patsy Mink, who played significant roles in its development and passage.
The primary purpose of Title IX was to address and prohibit sex-based discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funding, ensuring that both males and females have equal access to educational opportunities and programs, including sports. The law had a profound impact on promoting gender equality and increasing opportunities for women in education and athletics.